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Breast cancer can occur in women and rarely in men. Symptoms of breast cancer include a lump in the breast, bloody discharge from the nipple and changes in the shape or texture of the nipple or breast. Its treatment depends on the stage of cancer. It may consist of chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy and surgery.

Gynaecological Oncology is the medicinal field which focuses on the cancers that occur in the reproductive parts.  The most common types of gynecological malignancies are cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial (uterus) cancer. There are other less common gynecological malignancies including cancer of the vagina, cancer of the vulva, gestational trophoblastic tumors, and fallopian tube cancer. Occasionally skin cancers or sarcomas can also be found in the female genitalia.

A bone marrow transplant, also called a stem cell transplant, is a treatment for some types of cancer. A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that replaces abnormal or missing cells in the bone marrow with healthy cells. The bone marrow is the tissue in the middle of certain bones. Normally, the bone marrow makes blood cells.

Hematological malignancies are cancers that mainly affect the blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. These cancers are either called leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma, based on the type of blood cell that has been affected. The cells involved in hematological cancers are directly connected to the immune system, so having this type of cancer will affect your immune system.

Gastrointestinal (GI) oncology includes managing and treating cancers that affect the gastrointestinal tract and other organs that are contained within the digestive system, including the esophagus, pancreas, stomach, colon, rectum, anus, liver, biliary system, and small intestine.  Common types of GI cancers include Colon and Rectal Cancer, Liver Cancer, Stomach cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, and Esophageal Cancer. These are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of these.

Genitourinary malignancies include malignancies found in the urinary system and the male reproductive system. These include prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer and cancers of the penis. The treatment plan is decided based on many factors such as the age of the patient, stage of cancer, patient's personal preference, etc. Treatment approaches include chemotherapy, personalized drug therapies, radiation therapy, surgical treatment or a combination of these.

Thoracic Cancers include lung cancers, tracheal tumors, thymic malignancies, lung carcinoid tumors. These types of cancers are usually seen in smokers. These cancers are usually characterized by symptoms such as chest pain, persistent cough, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, or fever. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are the primary treatment types for tumors; depending on the type of tumor and if it has spread.

Head and neck cancers arise in areas such as the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and sinuses. These are often squamous cell cancers and may be caused by smoking, alcohol, or HPV. They often affect vital parts of daily life like speaking, eating, or breathing. These cancers may develop due to lifestyle or viral factors, but they are treatable—especially when caught early. Treatment options vary based on the type and stage of cancer.

Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancers refer to malignancies of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts. Risk factors may include chronic hepatitis, pancreatitis, gallstones, or family history. They are often complex and may be linked to chronic infections, inflammation, or genetic factors. These cancers often require coordinated care across specialties for the best outcomes.